Here’s a chemistry lesson about delicious quick breads, ideas about cutting sodium as you make a tasty coffee cake, and a recipe for homemade baking powder. The recipe was developed by a couple of Northwest Kidney Centers patients who were carefully controlling sodium intake to save their kidneys, heart and blood vessels. You’ll be impressed with the yummy results.

Two ingredients make quick breads rise – baking soda and baking powder. Some recipes use both.

Baking soda, or sodium bicarbonate, is a base, or alkaline agent. It needs an acid to react with to produce a gas that raises the dough. The acid may be buttermilk, sour milk, sour cream, yogurt, molasses or fruit juice. Baking soda has about 1,200 milligrams of sodium per recipe.

Regular baking powder is usually made with some baking soda, an acid like cream of tartar or potassium bitartrate, and a starch to absorb water and keep the acid and base from reacting. Regular baking powder contains about 480 milligrams of sodium per teaspoon – fairly high but not as high as baking soda.

When you add baking powder to a liquid such as water, milk, egg, sour cream or yogurt, the basic sodium bicarbonate reacts with the acidic cream of tartar. As a result, carbon dioxide bubbles are released, making your muffins, quick breads and pancakes rise.

You can buy low-sodium baking powder with zero and 30 milligrams of sodium per teaspoon. Here are three low-sodium choices. If your grocery doesn’t carry any, ask the manager for it, or you can order online. Homemade baking powder is lower in sodium than baking soda.

• Ener-G Foods Baking Powder: Low-sodium and aluminum free. Ingredients: calcium carbonate, magnesium, carbonate, glucono delta lactone and citric acid.
• Hain Pure Foods Featherweight Baking Powder: Sodium free. Ingredients: monocalcium phosphate, potato starch and potassium bicarbonate.
• Rumford Reduced Sodium Baking Powder: Reduced sodium and aluminum free. Contains 35 milligrams of sodium. Ingredients: calcium, acid pyrophosphate, cornstarch, sodium bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate and monocalcium phosphate.
• Homemade baking powder: Ingredients: 2 tablespoons baking soda and 1/4 cup of cream of tartar. Sift with a fine strainer and use within a month. One teaspoon contains 239 milligrams of sodium.

More ideas to reduce sodium: Don’t add salt – even if the recipe calls for it. One teaspoon of salt has about 2,300 milligrams of unhealthy sodium. Also, using unsalted butter for baking can make a big difference in the sodium content as well.

Try all these tricks in this great coffee cake. You can make it in any season with fresh or frozen blueberries.

Lemon Blueberry Coffee Cake

1 cup flour

1/2 cup rice flour (or wheat flour, if unavailable)

2 teaspoons low-sodium baking powder

¾ cup sugar

¼ cup unsalted butter

2/3 cup milk

1 teaspoon vanilla

1 egg

1 tablespoon grated lemon peel

1 ½ cups fresh or frozen blueberries or huckleberries

1 tablespoon sugar

Preheat oven to 350 degrees. Grease a round cake pan or a 9-by-9-inch square pan. Cream butter and sugar with mixer or food processor or in a bowl with a big spoon, and then continue beating until light. Add vanilla and half of lemon peel. Add egg and mix.

In a separate bowl, mix all dry ingredients. Add to creamed mixture alternately with milk. Mix blueberries or huckleberries with 1 tablespoon sugar and lemon zest. Fold berry mixture into batter. Spoon batter into pan. Bake 35 to 40 minutes until toothpick inserted in center comes out clean. Let rest 10 minutes before serving.

Contributor Katy G. Wilkens recently retired as registered dietitian and department head at Northwest Kidney Centers. The National Kidney Foundation Council on Renal Nutrition has honored her with its highest awards for excellence in education and for significant contributions in renal nutrition. She has also been awarded the Medal of Excellence in kidney nutrition from the American Association of Kidney Patients.

Eating Well, Living Well classes

Studies show that working with a registered dietitian can delay kidney failure and postpone dialysis for longer than two years. FREE nutrition classes taught by Katy’s former team of registered dietitians are available at convenient times and locations around Puget Sound.

Eating Well, Living Well classes teach people how to eat healthier to slow the progress of kidney disease and postpone dialysis. Learn more at http://www.nwkidney.org/classes.